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考研英语阅读理解选项特征规律

来源:新东方考研网校 时间:2015/11/11 16:13:03 作者:新东方考研

<p> &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong><span style="font-size:14px;"> 【摘要】考研已经不再是遥远了,他已经悄然来到了我们身边,11月即将过半了,一段特别的备考旅程开始了,你准备好了吗?关于英语阅读理解,</span></strong><a href="http://kuakao.soxsok.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#E53333;font-size:14px;"><strong>新东方考研网校</strong></span></a><strong><span style="font-size:14px;">有几点要叮嘱你的</span></strong> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></strong> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-size:14px;"> <p> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;大家都知道,英语阅读的原文均来自一些放心的期刊网站,出题人不论怎么选材、加工、改造,阅读理解客观题本身对选项要求的性和选项间的不可争议性,正确选项与非正确选项之间存在本质差别。 </p> <p> <strong style="font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;"><span style="font-size:14px;"></span></strong> </p> <p style="display:inline !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 正确选项作为一个大类,受文章本身和试题设计的局限,以及其他相关因素的制约,必然在整体上表现出一定的特点。所以,任凭文章内容、出题形式千变万化,这种特点都呈现出一定的规律。 </p> <p> <strong style="font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;"><span style="font-size:14px;"></span></strong> </p> <p style="display:inline !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一、正确选项特征 </p> <p> 1、较能反应文章两条主线的答案,偏离文章中心的一定不是答案。 </p> <p> 一个是文章的中心思想,一个是作者对文中论述事物所持的观点态度,它们是解题的基调,作者在文章中对整个事物是持积极正面的评价,那么出现消极反面的、与事实相反的肯定不是解。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 2、选项含义富有弹性的是解,的、武断的不是解。 </p> <p> 这是由解的性和不可争议性决定的。弹性大,发挥空间大,也有利于时候选项一旦出现争议,则可以从不同方面解释。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 另一方面,唯物辩证法告诉我们,世界是永恒发展的,而对未来的预测存在不确定性,一旦把自己的观点过于化,当新的情况发生就会陷入无可挽回的余地。这也符合人们做事有余地的本性。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 3、难的是解。 </p> <p> 这与命题动机有些相似,难的比容易的更能考查考生对语言的理解能力,具体体现在以下几个方面: </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> (1) 否定的比肯定的难,否定的是解 </p> <p> (2) 抽象的比具体的难,抽象深刻的是解,具体肤浅的不是解; </p> <p> (3) 动态变化的比静态的难,动态变化的是解。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 4、正面积极、符合逻辑的是解,内容负面消极、不符合逻辑的不是解。 </p> <p> 研究生入学考试作为国内较高层次、具有一定放心性的大型考试,题目答案必然考虑到引导大众思想文化的作用,积极的、正面的是正确答案。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 二、错误答案基本特征 </p> <p> 一般来说,错误答案都源于以下几个方面: </p> <p> 1、 偷梁换柱:即对文章不同内容的嫁接; </p> <p> 2、 扩大或缩小范围:即对文中提到的内容通过更改形容词等方式放大或缩小处理; </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 3、 断章取义; </p> <p> 4、 因果倒置; </p> <p> 5、 具体事实罗列; </p> <p> 6、 无中生有; </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 7、 相似但不同性质词语的替换;这种方式较具迷惑性,如2002年text1中第41题D选项,把“in sympathy with(赞成)”换成“show sympathy for(同情)”、2006年39题C选项把“live with”换成“enjoy”等。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 下面以2006年真题为例: </p> <p> According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation、 In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 32、 We can infer from Dr、 Myers and Dr、 Worm’s paper that ________. </p> <p> [A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90% </p> <p> [B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago </p> <p> [C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount </p> <p> [D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 本题难度系数较高,若对文章中描述的数字理解不清,就导致无法计算,也就无法作对题目,很多同学因此胡乱蒙一选项了事。实际上只要掌握技巧,并不需要确切理解文章原文都能直接得出答案。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 解题思路:文中提到一个新渔场自开始捕捞算起,15年内大型食肉类动物的数量平均减少80%,这是一个平均数,说明较少的渔场中有多有少,那么一些老渔区经过长时间捕捞,自然减少的更严重,因此推断在一些老渔场里大型食肉类动物的数量减少90%是可能的,故为A。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> 从选项BC上看,结论过于,而文中给的是平均数;而D我们可以轻易看出文中没有对新旧渔区进行比较,排除D。此外,从选项对比来看,A中含有some,不肯定的是解,也可选出A。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p> <a href="http://kuakao.soxsok.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#E53333;font-size:16px;">新东方考研网校</span><span style="color:#E53333;font-size:16px;">http://kuakao.soxsok.com/</span></a> </p> <br /> </span></strong> </p>

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